Caries is a common disease in humans, but for most other
mammals, decay indicates overall degraded health and nutritional deficiencies.
In man, it would have appeared during the neolithic period: following
the sedentarization associated with the domestication of cereals, the change in
diet due to the consumption of flour would have made it possible to appear. Human
teeth dating from this period but belonging to populations still living in
hunting and gathering (including sweet berries) are not affected by caries.In the 17th century , surgeon described decay as a
consequence of bone corruption by fracture, contusion and loss of moisture, or
by the formation of phlegmon or an abscess in the inner substance of the bone
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Since the middle of the 20th century , and still largely
today, caries is considered according to the "representations",
mainly characterized by:
Ø
Infectious disease with transmissible specific
germ (for which a vaccine is therefore conceivable). The bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus mutans were designated
responsible for the formation of caries;
Ø
Main cariogenic substance: sugar; Ø Fluoride is the central tool for prevention and treatment.
Recent studies question this representation: sugar, fluorine
no longer have the central roles that were granted them; Diet, general health,
genetic inheritance and social factors are important determinants.Oral hygiene
practices and associated policies need to be reviewed in depth.Caries becomes a
multifactorial chronic disease of endogenous, non-transmissible origin.
